5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin

5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin 5 Digital Publishing Questions for Seth Godin Today we talk with Seth Godin, American creator, business visionary, advertiser and open speaker. The astonishing thing about Seth is that he utilizes every one of these aptitudes for his distributing endeavors. Furthermore, a portion of his thoughts for (computerized) distributing are extraordinary to such an extent that we will undoubtedly talk with him. Let’s talk about the association economy.Hi Seth! I was tuning in to your Ted Talk â€Å"This is broken† from 2006. What’s truly broken in the distributing business today? Discoverability? DRMs? Eminence share model? Huge 5 publishers?The issue is covered on display, yet once you see it, it gets self-evident: the whole model of book distributing (propels, returns, exposure, curation, DRM, every last bit of it) depends on the possibility that the client is the bookstore.The book shop with restricted rack space, the one that requests restores, the one that requirements long lead times.Simple evidence: each enor mous distributer goes through 20 fold the amount of cash and labor on book shops than they do managing readers.When book shops leave, at that point what? Clue: Amazon isn't the new customer.Apart from Reedsy, what different developments in the distributing space do you discover interesting?I think the main advancement that’s worth focusing on is the redefinition of what it even intends to be a book distributer. What’s a book? What’s distributing? Who is the client? What’s the new asset?In an association economy, do distributers sell or benefit from or empower association? On the off chance that we don’t, we’re done.You said that â€Å"Publishing is the demonstration of facing a money related challenge to clergyman some substance and carry it to a gathering of individuals who didn’t know it existed†. How would you think independently published substance ought to be curated?Readers of my book and my blog trust me to clergyman wha t I suggest. I’m not certain perusers trust Amazon to clergyman the Kindle, or even Knopf to minister the books they seeâ€because they’re just so much garbage thus much commotion, they don’t even know the marks, so there is no trust.Trust, obviously, is the pith of the association economy, and it’s way more impressive and broad than brand or rack space.So, I think the fruitful independently published writer manufactures association and in this manner trust by reliably conveying only somewhat more than what’s expected.What do you read? Where do you discover inspiration?I read tons and huge amounts of books about ‘business’ in cites, however discover less and less to like throughout the years. I read a great deal of social historyâ€from Guns, Germs and Steel to the fresh out of the plastic new ‘Debt’. I love hard sci-fi and read it frequently. I read a ton of Pema Chodron and Susan Piver and Steve Pinker and Dan Dennet t and others that consider thinking. I attempt to discover amusing books, Sedaris, and so forth, yet they’re so rare†¦No artistic fiction for me. Not brilliant enough.You’re utilizing another promoting technique for your book, Your Turn. You send extra duplicates of the book to each and every individual who requests even a solitary duplicate since you need individuals to share it; would you be able to talk about the showcasing hypothesis and your expectations behind this somewhat front line approach? Also, talking about bleeding edge promoting, would you be able to offer some guidance to newcomers to the outside the box commercial center who may be deficient in innovativeness with regards to selling their books?Your Turn has been an extraordinary achievement, both imaginatively and commercially†¦ we’re surrounding 60,000 duplicates sold direct, in paper as it were. That’s truly astounding for an independently published small time appear in 140 d ays or so.People need to share books, yet you have to make it easy!As for guidance, I am prepared for your question:â my best adviceâ can be found hereâ and here. Remember:â€Å"Writing a book is a huge encounter. It pays off mentally. It explains your reasoning. It fabricates believability. It is a living motor of advertising and thought spreading, working each day to convey your message with power. You ought to compose one.†And in regards to Kickstarter: â€Å"Kickstarter battles bomb when the clan of individuals who have confidence in the thought is too small†.Follow Seth and Reedsy on Twitter.Liked this meeting? If it's not too much trouble give us a â€Å"recommend† on Medium where it was among the main 10 most casted a ballot stories. Seeing it praised is our greatest prize for creating great substance.

PESTEL Analysis of HRM Global Fashion

Question: Portray about the PESTEL Analysis of HRM for Global Fashion. Answer: Presentation HM is one of the very notable worldwide style brand and a retail garments organization. The organization gives design garments to the men, youngsters and the ladies. The organization carries on its tasks presently in excess of 30 nations that incorporates Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, , Greece, France and is further considering to grow its business in different nations that are for the most part the Asian nations. There are cutting-edge design items offered by HM to its clients that incorporates the footwear, beauty care products and accessories(Bruno 2007) There are no assembling plants claimed by the organization. The organization re-appropriates its assembling procedures to the different free providers who are additionally prolonged stretch of time vital accomplices of the organization. The different components adding to the nature of the HM are no agents, in-house plan, effective coordinations and the acquisition of right items from the fitting markets. The organization has co ntinued improving its extension speed now and again and in progressively powerful manner in the Asian market. The organization is further intending to extend its activities in the china advertise as per the organization China is the energizing and the vital market that has great familiarity with the style and spending power. So there is immense potential for the development in the Chinese market(Businessweek. 2007). The primary motivation behind the paper is assessing the principle explanations behind driving HM to extend in China in the year 2007 and how that development prompted change in the system of the HM by the utilization of PESTLE investigation. PESTLE Analysis Political Factors There are numerous odds of Central showcasing theory in the Chinese market. There are different changes in the arrangements of Chinese government for drawing in the remote speculation. The Chinese market dropped the dissemination framework in the year 2001 and joined WTO because of which different products could be sent out to the Chinese market (China.com. 2004)The Chinese market is a genuine free market that mirrors the genuine needs. Because of this development there was a decent improvement not in the expectations for everyday comforts of the a significant part of the number of inhabitants in the china. There is incredible significance given by the administration of China to the remote venture and invites the outside interest in China. The organization has an excellent opportunity to enter in to the Chinese market on the grounds that the particular arrangements can be utilized by HM that are given by the Chinese government with the goal that the benefit can be amplified. There is n't a lot of duty gathered by the Chinese government on the outside endeavors and further numerous special approaches are offered that empowers the venture. Henceforth the political components of the China are supportive of the HM extension. Monetary Factors After the Chinese changes in 1979 Chinese economy has gotten one of the quickest developing economies. There is a steady increment in the GDP of China at a normal pace of 9%. There have been different expectations by the market analyst every now and then that if the changes of China will proceed to develop and the financial framework proficiency is improved then China will turn into the biggest monetary nation in the coming years everywhere throughout the world. It has been seen that there has been increment in the complete estimation of the fares and imports from $20.4 billion in the year 1978 to about 2.173 trillion of every 2007. The exchange blasts of the china are generally because of the huge inflows of the remote speculation. The worldwide economy of the china is developing gradually and consistently. The organization like HM should utilize different limits and advancements for drawing in the customers(EMCC. 2004). There is a solid force kept by the Chinese government by the o pening of and formation of the consistent financial condition for the outside speculation. The organization took this event in its procedure and further changed its system. The organization offers quality and style items to its clients, best case scenario value which is their promoting procedure however the best cost has distinctive significance in the Chinese market. Social Factors It is very verifiable truth that China is the fourth biggest nation on the planet and its economy will continue developing later on. The Chinese individuals are of social nature which causes the outside individuals to accept that the Chinese individuals can get themselves impacted by the different new products(HM. 2007). There are numerous Chinese who despite everything keep their conventional techniques and thinking customs. Before being acknowledged by the Chinese market it is necessitated that the outside big business should examine the neighborhood culture. The organization like the HM should attempt to examine climate the Chinese individuals will acknowledge them or not. It ought to choose whether there items will be appealing for the Chinese individuals or not by thinking about different traditions and religions(HM 2007). It has been seen that the HM was all around acknowledged by the Chinese market in light of the fact that the Chinese market is getting western and globalized step by step. The significant reality about the HM is that it is steady with the brain research of the Chinese customer. Mechanical Factors There has been incredible headway in the media transmission since 1990. There is high endorser pace of China in the media like the web and the TV. In spite of the fact that China is as of now extremely progressed in the terms of innovation this factor can't be a major issue for the nation like China. HM has different positive vibes for entering in the nation like the China(Lisa 2008). Natural Factors The primary issue in China is Environment. There is a green exchange boundary China that causes awful consequences for the exchange and fare import in China(Raphael 2008). Despite the fact that there are different estimates taken by the Chinese government every once in a while to deal with the issue of the contamination. I are acceptable at learning in the cutting edge innovation of different nations like US and Europe alongside that they effectively get familiar with the natural measures of such nations. In this perspective there is an incredible model set by HM for huge numbers of the Chinese endeavors. Different natural mindfulness is advanced by the HM between there e workers and providers. The new advances have been embraced for the utilization of the assets with the goal that the waste could be limited however much as could be expected. The choices that are made by the nature are all around regarded by the HM. Legitimate elements As it is a very much aware certainty that the HM is a Swedish organization that is a lot of acquainted with the Europe laws and Swedish Laws that are a lot of unique in relation to the Chinese laws, so when the HM wanted to entered the Chinese market it was required to embrace the Chinese laws so they could get their permit for selling in the Chinese market(Rupert 2010). The affirmation about HM adhering to the Chinese law would be made on customary premise by the Chinese government. On the off chance that the organization is seen as not observing the Chinese laws than their licenses would be removed that further implies that the organization needed to take scarcely any distinctions from different nations on their activity techniques and systems in China. In the above report the technique for understanding the present circumstance of the HM Company for entering in to the Chinese market was PESTLE investigation. This technique has demonstrated out to be useful for different organizations to comprehend the market of a nation before considering the development as different significant components that are not to be disregarded by the organizations are canvassed in the above examination. Suggestions It tends to be suggested from the above report that HM is an awesome brand advertisement it will continue developing in the fabric causing process with the goal that they to can turn out to be very notable organization everywhere throughout the world. The organization will focus on the improvement of their image level. They will focus on changing their image picture in the brain of the individuals with the goal that they can get genuine best costs. There is a high endorsers pace of web in China so HM could plan to open an online shop in China. End Through the above PESTLE investigation it very well may be inferred that there is an incredible fascination of the different components to the HM for entering the Chinese market and they will change not many of their systems somewhat. There is an opportunity with HM to upgrade there brand level in the Chinese market. It can finally be reasoned that Chinese market passage is an excellent possibility for HM. Catalog Bruno, Z 2007, 'Basic Success Factors for International Fashion Retailers Entering Foreign Markets.', FIBRESTEXTILES in Eastern Europe October, vol 15. Businessweek. 2007, Sweden's HM Lands in China, saw 3 December 2016, https://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/may2007/gb20070508_735792.htm?chan=top+news_top+news+index_global+business.. China.com. 2004, cap are the particular arrangements offered to undertakings with remote speculation? , saw 3 December 2016, https://english.china.com/zh_cn/business/faq/11024764/20041015/11917364.html. EMCC. 2004, 'Mechanical change in the materials and calfskin segment', Hennes Mauritz. European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions 2004., 2004. HM 2007, HM's ecological destinations and manageability strategy. , saw 3 December 2016, https://www.hm.com/us/corporateresponsibility/environment__environment.nhtml. HM. 2007, HM OPENS FIRST STORE IN EAST ASIA. , saw 3 December 2016, https://www.hm.com/us/press/pressreleases/__prfinance.nhtml?pressreleaseid=263905. Lisa, B 2008, HM's Magnus Olsson: Swede achievement., saw 3 December 2016, https://www.retail-week.com/hms-magnus-olsson-swede-achievement/1911483.article. Raphael, M 2008, 'HM and INDITEX'S worldwide development system.', in THE RETAIL DIGEST. Rupert, W 2010, New Look expects to imitate HM achievement abroad, saw 3 December 2016, https://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE6142TX20100205.

5 Persistent Myths About Social Anxiety Disorder

5 Persistent Myths About Social Anxiety Disorder Social anxiety is a common psychological problem, but it is not well understood by the general public and even by some professionals. People who experience social anxiety feel as though they are being judged and evaluated when they are in social and performance situations. Although they know that the anxiety and fear that they feel is unwarranted, controlling or preventing the anxiety seems impossible. If you always experience social anxiety when you are around other people, it can become very difficult to ever relax and be yourself around others. When it feels like everyone is judging you, it sometimes seems easier just to avoid social situations altogether. Often people who experience severe social anxiety believe that they are the only people in the world with the problem, and they do not tell anyone. If you believe that you may have social anxiety, this article will help you to understand some of the myths about this type of fear and make a decision about getting help for your problem. Myth #1: Social Anxiety Isnt That Common Fact: Social anxiety is experienced by most people at some point in their lives. Whether it was during a speech that they gave in high school, or when going for their first job interview, everyone gets butterflies once in a while. Between 2% and 13% of the population is thought to have social anxiety to the point that it would be considered social anxiety disorder (SAD). Myth #2: Social Anxiety Only Refers to Public Speaking Fears Fact: Social anxiety refers to anxiety and fear in many different social and performance situations. These may include formal events, such as public speaking and performing; informal speaking and interaction, such as meeting strangers or going to a party; difficult situations, such as expressing disagreement; and everyday events, such as eating in front of others. The common thread among each of these triggers is that there is the potential of being evaluated. Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety Myth #3: Social Anxiety Just Means That You Feel Nervous Fact: Social anxiety brings with it a collection of symptoms, only one of which is a feeling of nervousness. If you suffer from social anxiety you will experience cognitive (thinking) problems, somatic (physical) problems, behavioral problems, and effective (emotional) problems. For example, when meeting a stranger for the first time you might think to yourself: She must be able to tell that Im a poor conversationalist. Your hands might start to shake, you may feel like escaping the situation, and even feel hopeless about ever doing well socially. Myth #4: Social Anxiety and Shyness Are the Same Things Fact: Although social anxiety and shyness are very similar, they are not the same thing. Social anxiety involves feelings of fear about social or performance situations, but it does not always involve the avoidance of, or withdrawal from, these situations. Some people may appear to be very outgoing,  but on the inside, they are terribly anxious and simply very good at hiding their feelings. In contrast, those who are shy tend to withdraw from or avoid social contact because of feelings of social anxiety. People who are shy always experience social anxiety, but those with social anxiety may not always act shy. Myth #5: Social Anxiety Is a Problem That You Just Have to Learn to Live With Fact: Some people experience such terrible social anxiety on a daily basis that they cant work or even leave the house. Others function well in general but have a specific fear that gets in the way of achieving goals, such as a fear of public speaking. Neither situation is hopeless or something that has to be lived with. With effective treatment such as medication or cognitive-behavioral therapy, everyone has the potential to live life without social fears. Activities to Help You Manage Social Anxiety

Freedom Of Speech At Workplace - 768 Words

Freedom of Speech at Workplace Introduction Everyone is born free in this world and those are only the situations in which they are born, that make one slave or the ruler. In spite of social status and the economic standing of a being everyone wants and should be allowed to express their views, feelings and ideas. It is in nature of humans to experience the wonders of the world and to have the urge to observe and think about the wonders and express the ideas in a certain ways. Another thing that is also certain about the nature of the people that different people look at the same thing in different ways. American constitution is the one that respects the people and about the views and ideas of the people and their right to live and express their ideas freely. The constitution that was made by our fathers not only discusses the issues that are pertaining on collective level, but also, about the common issues and concerns of the people and one of them is freedom of speech. It is also the right of every free person in this world to have freedom of speech and to have his own personal standing. Constitution of United States also considers the right of the people to play their part and have their own view about everything that is happening around them and gives them the right to express them. This paper is also focused on the issue of freedom of speech, but, is targeted to how this right is being guaranteed and exercised at workplaces. Body Freedom to express what one thinksShow MoreRelatedHow The Freedom Of Speech And Its Interpretation Affects Public And Government Employees1516 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlines the tangible, albeit interpretable, freedoms of religion and exercise of individual faith, speech, press, peaceful assembly, and the very American right of public complaint (more commonly known as the right to petition government for redress of grievances). How these rights are applied to citizens has varied and changed since we became a nation over 200 years ago. The focus of this academic investigation is to understand how the freedom of speech and its interpretation affects public andRead MoreFree Speech vs Hate Speech Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesFree Speech vs. Harmful Hate Speech Freedom of speech is instilled at the beginning of the Bill of Rights and it allows citizens of the United States to express their opinions without being afraid of what might happen to them, much like in other countries. Many times people are directly or indirectly harmed by others’ actions that are considered a right under the freedom of speech clause. Though, some people worry that if we do not allow for complete freedom of speech, it is hard to figure outRead MoreCivil Liberties: Free Speech in the Workplace1039 Words   |  4 PagesCivil liberties: Free speech in the workplace Most Americans pride themselves on the fact that they live in a modern, Westernized, capitalist democracy. However, there is a profound irony in this assumption given the extent to which employers can easily reign in the freedom of speech of their employees in the workplace. While all of us have been aware at some point that our freedom of speech may have been constrained as an employee when we are forced to greet customers in a certain manner, the extentRead MoreChallenges with Freedom of Speech1008 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of Speech and Information: Challenges with Freedom of Speech: The right to freedom of speech was adopted following the long history of suppression of ideas that were considered harmful by people. These suppressions also threatened democracy since they presented numerous difficulties for people to debate essential issues like war and peace. Consequently, a free speech movement emerged that eventually led to the protection of the right for people to express all ideas or the freedom of speechRead MoreEmployment at Will1179 Words   |  5 Pagesemployee rights. There are several employees right issues at workplaces; among which, one of the biggest issue of employees is their uncertainty towards their length of work employment. This leads to a lack of job security and an unsafe, and an unfair working environment for the employee. An employee should be able to enjoy basic employee rights. They should be able to participate and be informed about what is happening, in the workplace. Moreover, they should have the right to privacy, which theyRead MoreS ticks and Stones1145 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of Speech is possibly the most respected American ideal. Envied by citizens of countries where self-expression is a right of some and stricken from others, we uphold this concept with defensive pride. However, we must ask ourselves if this freedom can ever go too far. When does lenience turn into naivety? If speech is abused so freely that it enslaves the minds of another should it become a privilege, rather than a right? In his essay â€Å"On Racist Speech†, Charles R. Lawrence III argues forRead MoreEssay on Modern Britain as A Democratic Country608 Words   |  3 Pagesthis viewpoint and decide from this whether I believe this is correct. One of the main things that characterises a democracy is the right to equality. In Britain, this is protected in many ways. Women now have equal standing in the workplace thanks to the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) and the Equal Pay Act (1970). They also have the right to maternity leave, set out in the Employment Rights Act (1996), meaning more women can have a career as well as a family. Ethnic minorities Read MoreA Social Media Policy724 Words   |  3 Pagesaround the Constitutional right of the First Amendment and the freedom of speech. While this provides some protection for employees there are limitations and exclusions that resulted in the National Labor Relations Board stepping in and providing opinions for the legality of employer disciplinary actions regarding social media content and participation. Freedom of Speech The use of the First Amendment right to the freedom of speech is not applicable to all employees. Carson (2014) clarifies thisRead MorePractices of Leadership Contribute to Managing Communication in the Post Bureaucratic Era1415 Words   |  6 Pagesapproaches like virtuousness (Cameron, 2011) for a better functioning of the organization. Moreover, I shall question the presence of freedom of speech in the context of post- bureaucratic era and its impact on managing communication. It is often believed that communication is the main key to leadership success. According to Jack, G. (2004), in Athenian democracy, speech, or the spoken work, is a key instrument of power in establishing authority and asserting dominance in social matters. It is alsoRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream775 Words   |  4 PagesThis critical evaluation essay will be on Martin Luther King’s speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†. This speech was delivered during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on 28 August 1963. This march was initially organized to focus on the economy, but as the date grew near, the focus shifted to social issues in the country. This march was attended by more than two hundred thousand people, to include the many actors, musicians, and the civil rights leaders. Martin Luther King said â€Å"I am happy to

Reflection Of A Reflective Leadership Retreats - 1084 Words

Retreating to Reflect and Recharge Rothschild (2014) believed that retreats offer opportunities for individuals to â€Å"visualize, organize, prioritize, and energize† (p. 10). These temporary escapes create intentional time for individuals to reflect and assess their daily circumstances from a different perspective. Reflective leadership retreats can result in valuable insights for both individuals and groups. Description of Leadership Retreat Dreher Park in West Palm Beach, Florida served as the backdrop for the seven-hour leadership retreat that I took part in along with Mark Giarrizzo, Geralda Joseph, and Erik Thebeau on Sunday, November 16, 2014. During this full-day retreat, time was predominantly spent alone reading and journaling,†¦show more content†¦The next morning, I awoke with a fresh perspective on a few of the dilemmas and decisions related to my job and my family with which I had been recently wrestling. Additionally, the morning brought with it welcome feelings of energy and optimism. The experience allowed me to, as Shryock (2011) described it, â€Å"unplug from electronic obligations and recharge the human battery† (p. 9). Learning from Nouwen Readings Nouwen’s (1989) work served as the primary text for our periods of reading and self-reflection. The following sub-sections will summarize the lessons I learned from the book. Leadership Lessons Accepting Nouwen’s (1989) characterization of a Christian leader as one who â€Å"thinks, speaks, and acts in the name of Jesus† challenged me to consider the fundamental ways in which Christian leaders should lead differently (p. 86). This notion shifted my perspective from seeing Christianity as an ethical framework that undergirds leaders’ actions and decisions to truly embracing the apostle Paul’s challenge to the Corinthians that they act as Christ’s ambassadors (2 Corinthians 5:20). Furthermore, Nouwen’s belief that Christian leaders should, like Jesus, be seen as irrelevant and completely vulnerable resonated with me. Christ-following leaders must seek spiritual truth for the daily, real-world problems that they face both at work and at home. Personal Lessons The retreat readings caused me toShow MoreRelatedGraduation Speech : Alpha s Vision And Values Essay1450 Words   |  6 Pagesrecruit women who will understand Beta Xi Chapter’s vision and values. Recruitment Goals: †¢ Chapter meetings: o â€Å"Guess that Active† game o Recruitment Workshop †¢ Recruitment Focus Group with the Panhellenic Specialist †¢ During Recruitment: o Daily reflective statements o Conversation workshop New Member Experience and Programming We, as a chapter, are excited to redesign our new member experience to ensure that each installment of new member programming works in conjunction with the chapter missionRead MoreWhy Do We Need A Professional Learning Community ( PLC )?803 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific disciplines and knowledge to create community of practice. Develop assessment tool for follow up (survey), revisits and revisions to PLC action plan. PLC Action Plan Collect Data on teaching practices (video sharing, lesson plans, teacher reflection journals, etc.) showing that the PLC is achieving its goals. Data collected showing your PLC’s impact on student achievement goals or professional goals,your PLC’s accomplishments and successes (Lunenburg, 2010). Expected Outcomes Our mission isRead MoreThe Theory Of Developing Leadership2217 Words   |  9 PagesThe research project benefiting an area of leadership scholarship that I found was based on the theory of developing leadership. Becoming a leader over the past twenty years has changed drastically. Up to this point there is little knowledge about how leadership develops over time. Looking back at the industrial age many perceived leadership as achieving goals and increasing productivity. These attributes are more commonly associated with those of a typical manager. This type of leader-centricRead MoreStages of Faith4395 Words   |  18 Pagessuch and such a way to ensure your blessing.  · Tend to define people according to their roles and actions, rather than being able to differentiate the role from the person performing it .  · Adults at this stage tend to engage in little personal reflection on themselves or others. People are taken at face value, and little thought is given to what may influence them to behave in the way they do.  · Adults at this stage tend to use narrative stories as their primary way of communicating their meaningRead MoreTheology and Development2829 Words   |  12 Pages DR. ISAIAS CHACHINE | Theology and Development | | Theological Reflection - Amartya Sen and Elaine Graham, Heather Walton and Frances Ward | This paper will deal with the importance of Theological reflection and it will argue that theological reflection is the responsibility of all individuals in the human race. In response to Amartya Sen’s work in Development as Freedom as well the treatment of theological reflection and the analysis of methods by Elaine Graham, Heather Walton and FrancesRead MoreCrisis Management- a Strategic Leadership Approach3992 Words   |  16 PagesCrisis management - a strategic leadership approach Introduction The past decade has been wrought with crises on both a domestic and international scale. It has been marked by a glut of organizational crises including natural disasters, technology disruption, and acts of terrorism, scandals, and financial mismanagement. Yet, many leaders are ill-prepared for the important role they may need to play in leading an organization through a crisis. At the beginning of the decade people all overRead MoreCompassion Fatigue9142 Words   |  37 Pagescrux of the discipline of nursing (Watson, 2008). Interpersonal interactions are the primary expression of caring, however caring is not necessarily limited by physical, space or time limitations and this relational connection provides a reflection of our humanity in each other (Watson, 2008). Caring can be described in ten carative factors or processes that promote wholeness, healing, health and the process of evolving and growth for the individual and family. Caring harmonizes withRead MoreIb Business Management 2013 Ia Guildline Booklet16033 Words   |  65 Pages2 3 Descriptor There is no evidence of evaluation. There is limited evidence of evaluation. There is evidence of evaluation, but not all judgments are substantiated. There is evidence of evaluation, and judgments are substantiated. Critical and reflective thinking occurs in the commentary.  © International Baccalaureate Organization 2007 67 Page 18 of 77 Assessment criteria F Presentation Achievement level 0 1 Descriptor The commentary exceeds 1,500 words. The commentary is disorganized andRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesBusiness Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth Edition Hughes−Ginnett−Curphy The Art of M A: Merger/Acquisitions/Buyout Guide, Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005Read MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pageshave been arrived at traditionally or rationally. However, societal stress, institutional crises, and social conï ¬â€šicts may lead to the weakening, if not the demise, of traditional and rational-legal authority and to the emergence of charismatic leadership. Conversely, because of the unstable nature of charisma, it tends to remain the basis of authority only for brief periods, after which it is replaced by traditional or rational-legal structures. The Meaning of Charisma and Routinization Having

To What Extent Has the World Trade Organisation Helped Free Essays

The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995 after the Uruguayan Round. It embodies the international organization which deals with a wider range of aspects related to the international trade. The WTO controls the international trading system. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Has the World Trade Organisation Helped? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It represents an evolved instrument of negotiation in comparison with the preceding General Agreements on Trade on Tariff and Trade (GATT). Hoekman, B. M. Kostecki, M. M. (2009) WTO includes many important improvements on economic issues, disciplines and commitments of the international negotiation in addition it shape the current Multilateral Trading System (MTS). United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2008) Reports have shown that WTO was creating a favorable condition for business in Peru during the last 10 years. WTO (2007) since the beginning as member of WTO Peruvian governments have express their interest to continue doing necessary improvement in its legislation in order to achieve a completely integration to the global market as well as liberation of trade, WTO (2007) actively participation in negotiations and integration agreements is evidence of that. For instance Peru has bilateral agreements in force with: Unites States of America, Chile, Mexico, Canada, Singapore, China, South Korea, Thailand, Japan, Panama, Andean community (CAN), Asia pacific Cooperation Forum (APEC) Latin America Integration association (LAIA), MERCOSUR, agreements signed with : Venezuela, Costa Rica, Guatemala, European Union, and Agreements in negotiation: El Salvador, Honduras, Doha program, Pacific alliance. WTO. org (2012 Foreign capitals entering to the local market in Peru are steadily increasing as result of trade negotiations also it has made possible to some local industries access to the international market. However Peru still depends on commodities exportation, for example traditional products that are mainly agricultural and minerals such as Cooper, gold, oil and fish meal represent the 75. 7% and nontraditional products such as textiles and agro industrials products represents 23. 92 %. INEI (2012) in my view this may bring negative consequences to the local economy if Peru remain exporting non value added goods. Since 1995 Peru is a member of the WTO, WTO. org (2012). Agreements were incorporated to the Peruvian legislation 1996 however due to internal political troubles It was not possible to see the real impact of these agreements until 2002. At that time deep concern in the government in turn made to undertake political reforms in order to promote a major participation of the country into the WTO. During the period from 2000 to 2002 Peru experienced grow of the domestic products (GDP) of 4. 6 %, a slightly increment from 2002 and 2006 of 5. 8 % however after coming into effect important bilateral and regional agreements the GDP grew 7. 8 % in 2010. MICETUR (2012) WTO plays the role of international intermediary between developing and developed economies bringing apparently favorable condition to less developing world when facing negotiation for instance in the DOHA round of November of 2012 emerged the initiative to help developing countries by launching the Doha program which aim to find solutions to important issues affecting developing countries such as obstacle to access to international market of agricultural products, development of the agriculture industry by technical assistance, enhance the capacity, dispute settlement and industrial tariffs as well as services. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (2008) To conclude WTO propose the legal framework to create better conditions especially during commercial negotiations to achieve the development however Countries requires improve its capacities in order to be competitive and capable to avail this benefits. How to cite To What Extent Has the World Trade Organisation Helped?, Essay examples

A Small Elegy Essay Example For Students

A Small Elegy Essay The title of this specific piece of poetry is â€Å"A Small Elegy†. Now, this title does not really give a reader much to go on. The only thing one would know about this poem is that it is a small one and that it may be about a deceased person or someone who new someone who dies. I say this because elegy is derived from the Latin elegia, which means; A poem or song composed especially as a lament for a deceased person. From the beginning, â€Å"A Small Elegy† dramatically establishes that the speaker a stand-in for the poet, is by himself talking to himself. He was with other people, but now he is completely alone–his friends gone, his beloved sleeping elsewhere, unconscious, far away. The speaker is the sole operating consciousness mourning in a world where everyone else is asleep. Against the pitch-black darkness he starts saying things to himself, using white words, which I take to mean words that have a kind of unselfconscious purity about them. He daydreams about his mother ,an â€Å"autumnal recollection†, and that in turn moves him back toward his childhood home where his mother seems still to preside–diminished now over an outmoded world. She is smaller, more vulnerable, someone to be protected. â€Å"Matku,† he says tenderly in Czech, â€Å"Mon maminku,† my little mommy, which the translator has rendered as â€Å"my diminutive mom. † He imagines that after all these years she’s still sitting back there, quietly uncomplaining, thinking about his father who died so long ago. It is the next moment in the poem, when the tense radically changes, that I find especially compelling. â€Å"And then she is skinning fruit for me,† he says, â€Å"I am in the room. Sitting right next to her. † He doesn’t say â€Å"And then she was skinning fruit for me,† but instead finds himself catapulted into the past as a living present. He has been wrenched out of one time into another. The amplitude of his feeling is nearly unbearable and he starts shaking his fist at God, using a child’s language, calling him a †bully† because now he is aware that God has taken away so much, because so much is lost. And he then proceeds with the ruthlessness of a logical proposition to face what can no longer be evaded. â€Å"Because of all those hours I slept soundly, through calm nights,† he declares that is, because of all those nights when he was safe and unconscious. Because of all the loved ones who are deep in dreams† That is, because of all those who are unconscious now, unaware of the peril that surrounds them he realizes that time is running out and announces: â€Å"I can’t stand being here by myself. The lamplight’s too strong. † Here the lamplight becomes the emblem of a consciousness that is too much to bear, an isolation that is killing: â€Å"I am sowing grain on the headland. I will not live long. † The recognition here is that what he is planting is endangered, imperiled, and vulnerable. What he plants he will not be able to protect. The sowing of grain on the headland is his last gesture, his way of putting a message in a bottle when he knows he won’t last much longer. The poem concludes with a terrible recognition. When I read it, my impulse is to wake up everyone around me everyone l love before it is too late. In conclusion this poem is just one stanza that contains twenty-four lines. The poet refers to the speaker as ‘I’ and he also uses the words ‘my’ and ‘myself’ which lead me to the conclusion that this poem was written in the first person. .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .postImageUrl , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:hover , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:visited , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:active { border:0!important; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:active , .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9 .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u16054cc840d21f8dba0654d4bcc633e9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Analysing And Contrasting Two Poems EssayThe speaker in this poem recalls his past after his friends have left and his â€Å"darling† (wife, girlfriend, child) is asleep. He first begins to think of his mother then gets to his father. The speaker is empty inside because he has suffered so much great loss. He has suffered so much that he curses God and calls him a â€Å"bully† and he says to himself that he cant stand being alone for any longer and he also says that he will not live long which may imply that his life may end sooner than it has to.

Royal Mail Essay Example

Royal Mail Essay Principles of providing administrative services Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. †¢ The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk †¢ Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly †¢ When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference †¢ Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number.Please note that this Assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 9 Sections. Name: Section 1 – Understand how to make and receive telephone calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at least two different features of a telephone system and how / when they would be used. |Feature |How / when used | |1.On hold |This feature is used to hold incoming calls | | |This fea ture will be use while the correct recipient of the call is | | |located | | |This feature is used by pressing the hold button while getting the | | |right person extension number and check if the person is available | |2. Transfer |This feature enables you to transfer a call to another extension | |This feature will be use when someone doesn’t know the extension | | |they are after | | |This feature is used by pressing the transfer button. | 2. Prepare a brief report advising people on: †¢ How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls †¢ The purpose of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls.Making phone calls: being polite in all circumstances, remembering that you represent your organisation, , identify the caller, identify the caller’s needs ensuring that the messages for others are passed on as soon as possible, recording and supplying information accurately, giving the caller the best information possible . Receiving phone calls: answering quickly within 3 rings , introduce yourself and the organization, recognising information that must be kept secure and confidential, specify the outcome you want to achieve, identify who you are and the business you’re calling from. Even though the person at the other end of the line cannot see you, the manner in which you communicate presents an impression of you, your team and the business as a hole.It is important that you create a positive impression by: Speaking clearly Introducing yourself and greeting the person in an acceptable way Nor using slang Not being abrupt Making the caller feel that their call is important Ensuring that your tone of voice makes you sound positive and interested not bored or tired Presenting yourself in this way will create the impression that you are professional and customer-focused. This in turn will create a similar impression of the business. The cons equences of not doing so will be to lose potential or existing customers or clients. If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with).Section 2 – Understand how to handle mail 1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing). It is important to sort incoming mail in the manner that your business require will help not to lose any mail and every item will reach the correct person, it is important to date stamp and record any mail received if in case of a conflict you can prove. With the outgoing mail it is important to make sure that any enclosures are in the mail before sending, check the name , address on the mail , before sending need to ensure that the mail is dispatched according to its degree of urgency to reach on time.If mail and packages are not received and dispatched correctly : Information may be lost or send to the wrong person, items could be damaged, confidential information may be seen by unauthorised people, urgent enquires or request may not be dealt with in time, work could be delayed by incorrect franking, the organisation could lose potential and current customers or clients. 2. Complete the table below with the following information: †¢ At least two examples of internal mail services that are available to organisations †¢ At least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations |Internal mail services |External mail services | |1. Reusable A4 envelops – this is what internal mail is circulated |1. Standard postal services and commercial couriers used for speed | |that are nsealed unless the contents is confidential marked as such|and security with Royal Mail | | | | | | | | | | | | | |2. Robust documents holders – in some legal business this containers |2.Packages and pallets some business are using this service for | |are used to provide more protection for the contents |local, national and international delivery with DHL, DPD, APC | | |overnight , Parcel Force, Fedex | | | | | | | | | | 3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages. Postal charges for mail/packages are calculated according to a combination of the following : Weight – the staff at post office will weigh the parcel for the correct charge Size – size doesn’t affect you as long as you weight and pay the correct amount the staff at post office will tell you to place the parcel in a special bag or if is to big they will take it . Destination – national or international Urgency – first class, second class, courier delivery Value of the contents – recorded or registered delivery If your role involves sending mail you must ensure that postal charges are correct. Incorrect charges will affect the efficiency and profitability of the organization. Bering in mind any cost restrict ions imposed by the business organization you can compare two, three providers, use a comparison site. It helps to calculate postage charges by asking questions about the mail/package you sending out. After you can choose the best method for you and work out the cost of the postage. You can look at the delivery option available and select the most appropriate one.Section 3 – Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Computers are used for different purposes in different parts of the organization for example as word processors, for manipulating database, for publishing or computer modelling -Shredders – used for shredding paper work that is non useable follow guidelines about what should be shredded and when -Photocopiers – used to photocopy what is needed 2. Explain the purpose of following manuf acturer’s instructions when using equipment.If you do not follow instructions and damage occurs, the manufacturer’s warranty could be invalidated, you could endanger your health and safety and that of other people if you use equipment incorrectly, you are legally bound to follow training instructions provided by the employer, following manufactures ‘instructions will make efficient use of the machine, thereby saving money and minimising waste. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, hygienic and ready for the next user. If the equipment is left in an unfit state you will upset colleagues who use it next, you are legally obliged to maintain work equipment in a proper condition according to your employer’s instructions, if people have to spend time after you the efficiency and productivity of the business will be reduced, leaving equipment in an unfit state may put other people’s health and safety at risk, if you leave the equipment out of peration because of a fault , you should leave a note on the equipment so that other users will not try to use it and report what has happened straight away. Keeping the equipment hygienic will stop the spread of infections and the performance will be better than dirty equipment. The business will run smoother and everyone will be happy. Section 4 – Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. Wasted materials are a cost to the business so reducing waste saves money , by law waste materials as a result of making a product or delivering a service have to be stored and disposed of safely.Reducing waste therefore saves the cost of storage and transportation, minimising waste reduces the impact of the business on the environment by using fewer resources and reducing the environmental damage when disposing of it, there are legal requirements on all businesses to manage waste efficien tly to reduce environmental damage. A great deal of money will be spend on dealing with waste such as sorting moving and disposing of it, decreased competition comparing to other business, potential need to raise prices or look at reducing margins , delays causes by having wasted time and materials. Business that reduces waste will be more efficient, be more able to satisfy customers , be more likely to have a long term future. When using equipment it is important to keep it clean and hygienic which means free from dirt, germs, bacteria.For example food and drink should be kept well away from any equipment in case anything gets knocked over and causes damage. If you spill something on or near a piece of equipment you should clean up the spillage straight away. Make sure you know where cleaning products are located in your office and are familiar with the correct way to use them. 2. Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. It is sometimes felt that office work has little impact on the environment because it is unlikely to pose a direct risk of pollution – unlike some manufacturing work. Nevertheless any business environment uses considerable amounts of resources.Main cause of waste in a business environment are stationery , energy and heating , human error , lack of training, failing to learn about what customers really want , over supply or under supply. One of the causes is ink and toner they are used up every time you print or photocopy a document so resume to print and copy essential documents . One other cause is electricity being used up all the time any electrical equipment is turned on . Leaving equipment running when nobody is using it, especially overnight is wasteful. Many types of electrical equipment have power-saving modes which can be set to activate as soon as a machine is idle for any time. Computer monitors should always be turned off at the end of the day as they use a large amound of energy. 3.How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. Printing or photocopying on both sides, reusing envelopes for internal mail, installing energy-efficient lighting, using electricity efficiently for equipment, minimising any transport cost. Using electricity efficiently – switching off lights and plugs before leaving, minimising any transport cost – having more than one person travelling by car and using public transport where possible. Section 5 – Know how to make arrangements for meetings 1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of meetings and describing the main features of each type of meeting. Type of meeting |Main features | |Team, staff meetings |Involve business members assigned to a project who meet on regular | | |basis to discuss the progress of the project. In addition to team | | |members management often sits in the meeting keeping tracks of the | | |project progress. This can be w eekly monthly or on as needed basis. | |Management meetings |Administration and management get to discuss problems and situations| | |needing management attention.In the event that the only management | | |personnel attending of the company board of directors this meeting | | |is considered a board meeting. | |Briefing meetings |An informal meeting to update staff about a particular issue | | |attended by staff and the senior who does the update. | | | | 2. When arranging a meeting: †¢ What sources and types of information are typically needed? †¢ How should meetings be arranged?The sources of information needed for arranging a meeting are: Date time and duration The venue – where it is to be held Delegates – how many people are expected to attend What type of meeting it is – for example AGM, team meeting, conference or executive committee. This will determinate how the room is set out for example formal informal classroom boardroom or theatre. Wh at the agenda is Details of any proposed speakers and what equipment they might need if any. Any special requirements – for example disabled access or dietary Catering requirements – tea coffee , food Whether there is a budget allocated for the meeting Main Features |Type of meeting or committee | |Usually held every year to inform members or shareholders of |Annual general meeting | |previous and future activities | | |Has the power to take decisions that are binding on the organization|Executive committee | |Gives advices or makes recommendations |Advisory committee | |Is permanently in existence |Standing committee | |Is formed for a particular task and then disbanded |Ad-hoc committee | |Is part of a larger committee |Sub-committee | |Co-ordinates the activities of two or more committees |Joint committee | |An informal meeting to update staff about a particular issue |Briefing committee | |Regular meetings of the same group of staff who work in the same |Team m eeting | |area of the business | | Before the meeting you will need to: confirm the information you have already gathered such as the date, time and duration, prepare documentation needed such as the agenda and the minutes of the previous meeting, send out notice of the meeting, including date, time, duration and venue to delegates, along with the agenda and minutes.If any delegates are travelling to the meeting you may need to send travel information and directions, book the room or venue, taking account of any special requirements such as disabled access, or need for power points for equipment, Arrange any catering that is required, arrange seating in a way that is appropriate for the type of meeting, book any audio-visual or other equipment that is required and ensure that it is set up correctly and functions properly, ensure computer access if required. What you do during the meeting will depend upon your job role. It may include: taking the minutes, meeting and greeting delegat es, dealing with any special requirements, providing any sets of materials required by the delegates, attending to health safety and security issues, operating equipment, overseeing catering requirements.After the meeting it may include: distributing materials for delegates to take away, writing up the minutes or records of the meeting, delivering information to delegates by post or by hand. Section 6 – Understand procedures for organising travel and accommodation arrangements 1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. If it is part of your job to arrange travel and accommodation for others in the business, you must always confirm instructions and requirements before making bookings. If instructions are not confirmed you might make bookings that are inappropriate not required or too expensive and you waste the business time.The purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodati on is that you make sure there are no mistakes. 2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. |Travel and accommodation arrangements |Procedures | |Train |Follow the organization policy and procedures, stick to the budget, | | |book tickets, onfirming times places names(make sure you ask for | | |the spelling of the place so you don’t make any mistakes , date of | | |birth, check distance to train station , 1st/2nd class, arrange | | |complimentary drinks lunch, wifi for extra work , is there necessary| | |a taxi from the train station to the destination, limit for spending| |Airplane |Follow the organization policy and procedures, book tickets, | | |passport details, insurance, confirming times places names, taxi | | |from and to airport, if the passenger has any food restrictions in | | |order to order the right meal, spendin g limit, stick to the budget | |Car |Follow the organization policy and procedures (different business | | |different procedures) find out the distance the cost of petrol if is| | |necessary to travel by car and if this version is cheaper. |Taxi |Follow the organization policy and procedures, confirming times | | |places names you can even compare two three taxi companies for the | | |cheapest one so you can be in the budget limit. | 3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. Travel and accommodation arrangements that will need to be recorded are :the requirements of the staff members, research into different options, bookings, expenditure, discounts and refunds received, feedback. Keeping records of travel and accommodation bookings is important because they may e required : for future audit and accounting purposes, so that the whereabouts of staff is known, to enable expenses claim to be checked and paid , for future reference in relation to value for money, as a source of information for future bookings. This shows that the business is well organized. By keeping good records you will have an accurate financial information that can determinate future travel costs, the information can be easily access by different members of staff even if the person who did the bookings are not available, the organization can rely on the information they store for future reference regarding quality, cost etc. Section 7 – Understand diary management procedures 1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons.In any business environment, no matter how big or small, diaries need to be used so that people know what they have to do and where they have to be at certain times. It is necessary to use diaries in a business environment because: the business cannot rely on people remembering meetings and appointments in their heads because there could be so much that needs to be done, arrangements are often made through other people such as secretarial staff, so the person concerned will not be aware of the arrangements unless it has been written down, diaries ensure that times and dates of meetings or appointments do not clash, diaries make sure that people’s activities are co-ordinated and do not overlap or duplicate – therefore enabling an efficient use of time and human resources . 2.Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace. Information needed to maintain a diary system in the work place (always have in mind the 5W’s – who, what, when, where, why) are: who is coming to the meeting, people involved, what is the meeting about subject or type of appointment, when is the meeting dates and times, where is the meeting venue or place, why are you having the meeting. You may find that the diary systems are maintained by making new entries, inserting repeated appointments, and deleting or amending entries if there are changes. It is important that diaries are maintained correctly and kept up to date or the system will break down and planned activities will be disrupted.If it is part of your job role to manage diaries for other people, you must ensure that you inform them of the entries to the diary so that they can plan their activities. You must also ensure that any changes are communicated to the people who are affected so that their time is not wasted by turning up for an event that has been changed to a different time, date or place. The diaries of some people may be confidential. If you have to manage such a diary you will need to know security features such as passwords and observe procedures for maintaining confidentiality. Section 8 – Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment?Although customers are usually tho ught of as members of the public who buy products or services from a business, customers can also come from another part of the same organization. For example, large organizations may be divided into different sections that seek goods or services from each other. These could be parts of a product or service that your section produces and then passes on the section that needs it. Even your more immediate colleagues can be regarded as internal customers: team colleagues, supervisors, staff in other teams. Even though they may not be buying something from you , they are still customers for the services that make up your job. As with the external customers they will expect a high quality service and if you do not provide it , you may find out that your services are no longer required .External customers are people who require goods and services and will buy them from the business that provides them with what they want. Types of external customers differ depending on the nature of the bu siness environment , but could include: clients, patients, quests, visitors, individuals or groups, people of different cultures, ages, genders, races, people with disabilities, people with special requirements, external organisations, which are suppliers or buyers. In my work place I do get information about my clients from internal customers (senior support worker, service manager ) and from external customers (parents, social workers, GP’s) 2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Include at least three reasons in your answer.It is important to satisfy or exceed customers’ expectations for the following reasons : customers will return and buy more goods or services from the business , customers will spend money with the business, customers will recommend you to others, time will be saved dealing with complains, the reputation of the business will attract more customers, excellent service may enable the business to charge more for its products, the business will be competitive, enabling further growth and investments. 3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. It is important for you to build positive relationships with your internal and external customers. If customers feel that they have a positive relationship with the people they deal with it will enhance the reputation of the business, encourage customers to repeat their business with your organization, increase customer satisfaction, make the business more competitive.The purpose of positive relationships is to retain current customers and attract new ones. Ways in which you can achieve positive relationships with customers are : knowing details about the product or service so that the customer feels confident about what you say to them, try to find ways of looking happy and positive when dealing with customers, making customers feel important and valued – for examp le , never giving them the impression that they are being a nuisance, or showing that you are bored or uninterested in what they want, helping them to meet their needs – for example , giving them advice if they are undecided about what they want, keeping any promises or commitments hat you make – for example about delivery times, products or services specifications or after sale services, dealing promptly with any complaints. 4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? Customers show their needs and expectations by what they say and the questions they ask . Therefore you must listen carefully to their questions and requests. You have to be aware of how customers demonstrate their needs and expectations and respond positively to encourage customer satisfaction. Being aware to the additional needs and expectations in terms of: hearing or sight impairment, language difficulties, physical disabilities, learning difficulties.It will be helpful if the b usiness has a feedback form that customers can fill in and letting the business know the like and dislikes, the services they got etc so the business can analyze and improve , business can use surveys or get the information from former customers . Some other methods are focus form – where customers or potential ones are put into small groups and encouraged to discuss aspects of the products or services they buy. The aim of focus form is to identify any things that should influence current and future products or services . Customers complains – customers are offering clear insights into their needs and expectations. They will talk about what they wanted and expected and why they feel the need to complain.Section 9 – Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures 1. What is the purpose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? The receptionist is the first point of contact that customers or clients have with a business and the purpose of a receptionist is to receive visitors to the organization in a positive, professional and welcoming way. The role of a receptionist covers the following aspects: meeting and welcoming visitors, escorting visitors if necessary, ensuring that any necessary health, safety and security procedures are carried out, informing visitors or callers of ny security or confidentiality issues , making appointments and bookings, receiving and distributing mails, giving information to callers and dealing with any enquires. 2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is important. In order to present the business in a positive and welcoming way a receptionist must present themselves and their work area in this way. They can do this by being aware of their personal presentation , verbal and non verbal communication, attitude, knowledge of the organization, reception work area. Th e purpose of presenting a positive image at reception is to create a good first impression and maintain an efficient and welcoming image of the business.To present a positive image of yourself and the organization you have to: -Have a good personal presentation – neat, clean, tidy, dressed appropriately for the job -Be aware of your verbal and non-verbal communication – use clear and correct speech. No use of slang or swear words. No use of familiar forms of address. Tone of voice should be even calm if the caller or visitor is angry or confused. Non-verbal communication should not suggest defence, anger or lack of respect. Do not fold arms or slouch. Eye contact should be normal – not staring or looking away. -Be aware of your attitude – should be helpful, positive, interested, and polite. -Your knowledge of the organization – you should know about the structure and personnel in the organization so that visitors or callers can efficiently directed to the right place. Transferring calls – ensure that the call is transferred to the correct person -Taking messages – messages should be taken accurately and be legible to the other people if handwritten. The purpose of presenting a positive image at reception is to create a good first impression and maintain an efficient and welcoming image of the business. 3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedures in a reception area. Entry activities : unlocking, access to keys, authorised key holder , disabling alarms, switching on power, heating and equipment. Departure activities: locking up, depositing keys, setting alarms, setting CCTV, switching off power, heating and equipment.Security and confidentiality activities: signing people in and out, checking the purpose of the visit, issuing and collecting visitor ID, sitting computer screens out of public view, safeguarding any confidentiality documents in the reception area, disposing of any confidential material correctly , safeguarding personal information about employees. Entry and exit of visitors must be controlled according to procedures for reasons of health and safety and security. All visitors have to log in and log out in a log book when enter or leave the premises, register the car plates number in case they need to be contacted to move they cars, issue ID badges for visitors so they can easily be identified . Once you have completed all 9 Sections of this Assessment, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your work to your tutor for marking.

About the U.S. House of Representatives

About the U.S. House of Representatives The United States is a large, fractured, diverse and yet still unified nation, and few government bodies reflect the paradox that is this country better than the House of Representatives. Key Takeaways: U.S. House of Representatives The House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the two legislative bodies in the United States federal government.The House is currently made up of 435 representatives- referred to as congressmen or congresswomen- who serve an unlimited number of two-year terms. The number of representatives from each state is based on the state’s population.As required by the Constitution, representatives must reside in the state from which they are elected, must have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and be at least 25 years old.A representative’s primary duties include introducing, debating, and voting on bills, proposing amendments to bills, and serving on committees.The House has the exclusive powers to initiate all tax and spending bills and to impeach federal officials.   Metrics of the House The House is the lower of the two legislative bodies in the U.S. government. It has 435 members, with the number of representatives per state dependent upon that states population. House members serve two-year terms. Rather than represent their entire state, as Senate members do, they represent a specific district. This tends to give House members a closer link to their constituents-and more accountability, since they have but two years to satisfy voters before having to run for re-election. Also referred to as a congressman or congresswoman, a representative’s primary duties include introducing bills and resolutions, offering amendments and serving on committees.   Alaska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana and Wyoming, all sprawling but sparsely populated states, have just one representative each in the House; tiny states like Delaware and Vermont also send just one representative to the House. By contrast, California sends 53 representatives; Texas sends 32; New York sends 29, and Florida sends 25 representatives to Capitol Hill. The number of representatives each state is allotted is determined every 10 years in accordance with the federal census. Although the number has changed periodically through the years, the House has remained at 435 members since 1913, with shifts in representation occurring among different states. The system of House representation based on district population was part of the Great Compromise of the Constitutional Convention in 1787, which led to the Permanent Seat of Government Act establishing the nations federal capital in Washington, DC. The House assembled for the first time in New York in 1789, moved to Philadelphia in 1790 and then to Washington, DC, in 1800. The Powers of the House While the Senates more exclusive membership may make it seem the more powerful of the two chambers of Congress, the House is charged with a vital task: the power to raise revenue through taxes. The House of Representatives also has the power of impeachment, in which a sitting president, vice president or other civil officials such as judges may be removed for high crimes and misdemeanors, as enumerated in the Constitution. The House is solely responsible for calling for impeachment. Once it decides to do so, the Senate tries that official to determine whether he or she should be convicted, which means automatic removal from office. Leading the House House leadership rests with the speaker of the house, usually a senior member of the majority party. The speaker applies House rules and refers bills to specific House committees for review. The speaker is also third in line to the presidency, after the vice president. Other leadership positions include the majority and minority leaders who monitor legislative activity on the floor, and the majority and minority whips who ensure that House members vote according to their respective parties positions. The  House Committee System The House is divided into committees in order to tackle the complex and various matters on which it legislates. House committees study bills and hold public hearings, gathering expert testimony and listening to voters. If a committee approves a bill, it then puts it before the entire House for debate. House committees have changed and evolved over time. Current committees include those on: agriculture;appropriations;armed services;the budget, education, and labor;energy and commerce;financial services;foreign affairs;homeland security;House administration;judiciary;natural resources;oversight and government reform;rules;science and technology;small business;standards of official conduct;transportation and infrastructure;veterans affairs; andways and means. In addition, House members may serve on joint committees with Senate members. The Raucous Chamber Given the shorter terms of House members, their relative proximity to their constituents and their larger numbers, the House is generally the more fractious and partisan of the two chambers. Its proceedings and deliberations, like those of the Senate, are recorded in the Congressional Record, ensuring transparency in the legislative process. Phaedra Trethan is a freelance writer who also works as a copy editor for the Camden Courier-Post. She formerly worked for the Philadelphia Inquirer, where she wrote about books, religion, sports, music, films, and restaurants. Updated by Robert Longley

Arabic ceramics art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Arabic ceramics art - Essay Example over, most cultures remain principally noted for their ceramics such as Chinese, Greek, Mayan, Persian, Korean, and Japanese cultures as well as contemporary western cultures. Islamic art refers to the art of civilization grounded on the Islamic religion. Arab Muslims launched a series of conquests in the 600s and combined all countries they conquered into a unitary civilization. Initially, Arabs themselves had minimal art; however, amid the conquests, the Arabs came into contact with flourishing ceramic art of Persia, Syria, and Egypt (Savory 89). The blending of the cultural influences yielded a distinctive form of Arabic ceramic art prominent between the years 800 and 1700. Arab artists developed many techniques, the bulk of which remain still in use today. For instance, Arabs engraved pots into a slip, or an earthly coating under the glaze. The engraving mainly displayed religious symbols in calligraphy, and in some instances planted their famed gold stamps right to the exterior of the slip. After the engraving, the ceramic art designers would add many layers consisting of transparent glazes (Ali 106). Another magnificent method that Arabic artists employed in ceramics included encompassed painting with a metallic pigment, mainly on a white or blue glaze (Savory 90). This technique is referred to as luster painting. Luster painting persisted into the early medieval era, with increased designs of animals and humans incorporated into final pieces. Another form of ceramic work emanating from early medieval era encompasses fritware that created pieces resembling Chinese porcelain (Ali 107). All through the late, medieval and late Arabic periods, pottery continued to imitate Chinese designs with ceramic designs becoming more advanced with time. Right from the 8th to 18th centuries, glazed ceramics were a prominent part of Islamic art, especially in the shape of elaborate pottery prominent in dynamic Persian and Egyptian pre-Islamic traditions (Ali 108). The

Law and ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Law and ethics - Essay Example There are instances when the paramedics are faced with extreme pressure, especially when there are patients who refuse to be treated and withhold their consent. This is the exact situation in the case at bar, where the patient Jack refuses any medical treatment and does not want to be taken to the hospital. Hence, the paramedic attending to Jack should be able to practice the â€Å"doctrine of necessity†. â€Å"The Medical Treatment Act of 1988 provides a provision for the competent adult to refuse medical treatment even if the refusal may place their life at risk† (Steer, 2007). In the case of Malette V. Shulman, [1991] 2 Med LR 162, Donnelly J., pointed out that â€Å"the right to refuse treatment was an inherent  component of the supremacy of the patient's right over his own body not  premised on the risks of refusal. He further where a competent adult rejects and medical treatment, â€Å"the courts cannot be dictated by its view of what would be in the best  interests of the patient, but must look to the validity of the refusal in  terms of the capacity of the patient to give such refusal and to determine whether it  must be respected†.

Impact Of Training And Development On Employee Performance Commerce Essay

Impact Of Training And Development On Employee Performance Commerce Essay The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance based on Customer Satisfaction (A Case Study on Union Bank PLC Nigeria) BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Training in business organizations differs from one organization and industry to another. Organizations and their HR functions are changing everyday so training functions will have to run differently as organizations expect more evidence that they are contributing to organizational success (Sims 1998). According to Reynolds et al (2004:1) cited in Beardwell and Claydon (2007) training is defined as a set of activities which react to present needs and is focused on the instructor and contrast with learning as a process that focuses on developing individual and organizational potential and building capabilities for the future. Training is also the use of systematic and planned instruction activities to promote learning. It involves the use of formal processes to impart knowledge and help people to acquire the skills necessary for them to perform their jobs satisfactorily (Bass and Vaughan 1966) cited in Armstrong (1966). Training is becoming continuously vital throughout ones career because of technological advancements, overseas expansion and increased diversity (Maurer 2001). In addition, employees are expected to take responsibility for continually updating their skills (Garofano and Salas 2005; Warr and Birdi 1998). Training should be treated with extreme importance because the management of people determines organizational success. Employee performance will improve when managers and employees realize the value of training at work and take steps to implement such training in their organizations (Zaccarelli 1992). Training can also be useful to resolve problems when employees want to learn and when the job knowledge is lacking and inadequate. When these factors are not present, the other management solutions are more appropriate. If the staff members of an organization are not properly trained it will ultimately affect the organization and exceptional performance will not be achieved. For example- a bank that does not train a customer service officer efficiently will not know how to treat customers and the bank would lose the customer to other competitors. Therefore, organizations should invest in training and development because a trained staff will promote efficiency and save both the managers and employees time. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM All scientific research is brought on by a received problem which is why I have set out to research on this topic- The Impact of Training and Development on Employee Performance based on Customer Satisfaction (A Case Study on Union Bank PLC Nigeria).The Nigerian banking Industry still faces many big challenges today in the proper training of employees. Training is supposed to be done on a regular basis because of emerging technologies (new banking software), new customer service skills and general awareness about the banking industry such as fraud. Fraud in any form is a veritable threat to the well being of an organization and its implications on the general economy cannot be treated lightly. Therefore this dissertation will look into proper training and development of employees in delivering customer service and how their performance impacts the Nigerian Banking industry. AIM OF THE RESEARCH The aim of this research study is to investigate empirically the importance of training and development of workers in an organization. The study will look at the various activities in the industry that contribute to the development of employees and from there seek to analyze the impact of these activities on how they ensure customer satisfaction, their performance and the organization as a whole. OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH The objective of this study is to examine the impact of training and development on employee performance in the delivery of customer satisfaction with particular reference to Union Bank PLC Nigeria. The objectives are: To explore the relationship that exists between training and development and the performance of employees To determine how training and development increases job knowledge and skills of employees To determine whether training and development will improve the delivery of customer service To determine the positive influence of organizational training and development on improved customer service relationship LITERATURE REVIEW The world in which organizations, managers and human resource professionals operate today would be unrecognizable to their peers 35 years ago (Beardwell and Claydon 2007). Training activities remains a very large part of human resource development practices (Nordhaug 1989). The pace of innovation, development of technology, the turbulence of economic conditions and the professionalization of management and human resource management are just some areas where the escalating and seemingly impossible demands (Kanter, 1989) that face organization have had an enduring impact on the context in which they function today. In other words, the way organization develops people has changed over time. Approaches to learning have shifted as the practice and purpose of training and developing people have grown in importance, broaden in scope and become more sophisticated in method. (Reid, Barrington and Brown, 2004: 9 cited in Beardwell and Claydon 2007). According to Rock (2008), Training is one of the most important investments that you can make in your bank because it is an ongoing process and Staffs will be more knowledgeable and engaged in their jobs. Customers will appreciate these qualities, which would mean more business for banks. He is of the opinion that creating an environment of learning at our banks can make a difference, particularly when it comes to motivating and retaining staff. Latest studies have shown that organizations greatly invest in Human Resource Development interventions so as to keep their employees updated and skilled in order to attain job performance, job satisfaction and job involvement. These skills can be conveyed by providing the necessary technical/non-technical training (Rowold, 2008). According to Emelo (2010), training and development can be useful in an organization, mostly banks. He is of the opinion that training and development would help to provide a chance and broad platform for the development of human resources technical and behavioral skills in an organization. Also, he says it would help in increasing the productivity of the employees that helps the  organization  further to achieve its long-term goal. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This section covers the research approach and the data collection that would be adopted by this work to attain its objectives. Several research methods could have been implemented to carry out this research, but the best suited and most appropriate method aimed at getting the best possible outcomes will be used. A primary qualitative research method which is questionnaire will be used in order to get the most relevant data to support correct analysis and outcomes. His research method will help can help gather information first hand from the respondents. Denzin and Lincoln (2005:3) cited in Merriam (2009) explained that qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world. In order words, qualitative research is done in a natural setting which allows subjects answer questions the researcher asks. I have employed a case study approach to carry out this research. DATA COLLECTION METHOD A questionnaire will be employed to carry out this case study because I would have the flexibility to ask different respondents different questions while staying within the focus of my research aim. According to Kumar (2005), a questionnaire is a written list of questions whereby respondents record their answers. The answers gotten from the respondents will enable me to understand how certain practices within the organization are employed Questionnaires could be used to acquire data from a large portion of a group. DATA COLLECTION The research and questionnaire will be conducted in Union Bank PLC which is an old generation bank in Nigeria that just started embracing the use of technology. The study reviews the experience of the organizations training and development of the new technologies and being able to satisfy customers more effectively. The sampling strategy that would be used for this research will be the simple random sampling. Agner (2008) describes simple random sampling as the kind of sampling in which every possible sample of size which means every combination of  items from the number in the population is equally likely to be part of the sample.   The sampling frame will focus on the employees who have worked in the bank for over two years and people that have been customers for that long as well. The questionnaires will be closed ended questions focusing on factors within the literature in context. DATA ANALYSIS METHOD The research would make use of a parametric test and will be carefully conducted so as to avoid misinterpretation. The T-test would be used in the analysis of the data because it would help me compare the means of two groups which are the employees and customers. T-test assess whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other. The research method employed in this exercise is the scientific method as it identifies and defines the problem. RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY Reliability of an instrument refers to the degree to which an instrument consistently measures what it intends to measure. Therefore, a data is reliable if it gives the same result when administered by a different researcher at any given time so if the response of the respondents are consistent, the data is considered reliable. On the other hand, validity means the extent to which an account accurately represents the social phenomena to which it refers (Hammersley 1990: 57 cited in Siverman 2005). This means the degree to which a measuring instrument measures what it is designed to measure. Validity is important because of its role in determining the importance of training and development in the Nigerian banking industry and the questionnaire to be used in this research work has been structured with questions which are relevant to achieve the aims of this research. POTENTIAL RISK The potential is not often reached as returns from questionnaires are usually low which is why a surplus of questionnaires will be used and hopefully enough would be retrieved which would still enable me to run the SPSS. However return rates can be considerably improved if the questionnaire is delivered and responded to on time. LIMITATIONS OF THE RESEARCH The limitations of this study would be majorly resources in the forms of money and time, seeing as there shall be cost incurred in the process of the research. While the time constraint comes into play as the research takes place during 2009-2010 which happens to be my one year degree masters program, hence the workload would be combined with the project. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS On the issue of ethics, the participants who will be taking part in the questionnaire will not feel uncomfortable in any way and the information gotten will be treated with confidentiality and anonymity. Cooper and Schindler (2008:34) cited in Saunders, Lewis and Thornhill (2009) define ethics as the norms or standards of behaviour that guide moral choices about our behaviour and our relationships with others. In order words, ethics helps us make moral choices about ourselves and the people around us. Information from banks are very critical, so the major issue would be to be able to protect all the information acquired from questionnaires and use it only for the dissertation. TIME TABLE ACTIVITY MAY  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  JUNE  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   JUL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  AUG SEPT WEEK 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 Introduction   * Literature review   * Research methodology   * Presentation and findings   * Questionnaires survey   * Discussion of Themes Analyze data   * Recommendation and conclusion *   Print and Bind * Submission * Saunders et al (2009)

Managing The Human Resources Essay

INTRODUCTION: This assignment is based on a case study titled ‘Hot Work at the Aluminium Smelter in Lynmouth’, and it examines the current HRM principles being used within the organisation. The HR values that are being investigated are HRM or people management values, team effectiveness and the effect of motivation, communication and the culture in the organisation, and leadership qualities. The overall aim of this assignment is to provide appropriate business solutions that help in improving the effectiveness of the organisation, from the perspective of a HR consultant. HRM & PEOPLE MANAGEMENT VALUES: Armstrong (2000) argues that personnel practioners are often confused when asked about the difference between HRM and personnel management. According to Storey (1995) HRM is said to be fundamentally unitarist. This makes the management at Lynmouth more HR than personnel, as although the union’s membership levels were low and their influence was weak, they were recognised by management in respect of white-collar staff. Also teamworking was introduced with the cooperation of the plant’s trade union, and they were asked to recommend the number of posts required for the new line that was to open in 2000. This shows that the management did consider the unions before reaching a decision. The climate of employee relations could be characterized as suspicious and mistrustful, indicating to a model of personnel management (Sisson 1994). In HRM, rules, procedures and contracts are an obstruction to effective performances and there is an emphasis on strategy and devolved responsibility to line management (Storey 1996). At Lynemouth, there were rules and guidelines set for the team leaders and employee’s worked according to shifts, and pay was not performance related. Read more:  Personnel vs Human Resources Although these values point towards personnel management (Sisson 1994), Lynemouth also inculcates HRM values. Despite each plant having specialist staff that kept the plant within its operating limits, team leaders worked as line managers (Storey 1996) and were responsible for the coordination and scheduling of work. Also there are few job categories and teamwork is preferred to division of labour (Storey 1995). There is a great deal of task flexibility (Sisson 1994) in the teams, and in 2000 they were given greater autonomy. Boxall & Purcell (2003) states that HRM can be interpreted as having a ‘soft’ developmental humanist approach or a ‘hard’ situational contingent approach. The soft version emphasizes a people-centred approach to HRM, whereas the hard version emphasizes a resource-based approach (Thornhill & Saunders 1998). Although the organisation appears to be soft with the implementation of teams, they can be viewed as being hard economically, as the organisation aims were resource focused, there appeared to be low trust between employees, and there was also functional flexibility within the teams (Kane et al. 1999). Responsibility for hiring new staff, and for assessing applications for internal transfers, were devolved to shop-floor workers, thus making them more flexible. A hard approach is often seen as an essential part of cost-minimization strategy (Kane et al. 1999), which appears to be the situation at Lynemouth. TEAM EFFECTIVENSS & THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION: A team is a work group or a unit with a common purpose through which members develop mutual relationships for the achievement of goals/tasks (Harris & Harris 1996). Vyakarnam et al (1999) states that a number of studies have confirmed that successful ventures are often established by teams rather than a single person, and the core competence of a successful team is to build and manage relationships around a common vision. The management team at Lynemouth haven’t clearly described the team goals or each individual’s specific task. It is essential that the first step in creating a team is to define the goal or goals that create the direction for the new group (Twomey & Kleiner 1996; Arroba 1996). Harris & Harris (1996) explain that teams are successful and effective when they overcome difficulties, achieved through interdependence. Teams also promote a sense of confidence and direction among the team members and helps becoming more flexible in nature (Arroba 1996). Among shop-floor workers at Lynemouth with regard to satisfaction and commitment, there was a greater sense of autonomy and participation. With regard to work organisation, there was an increase in multi-skilling, and there were clear examples of improved flexibility. For example, team members would work a crane as required, rather than waiting for a dedicated crane driver. The major difference between successful teamwork and unsuccessful teamwork is largely based upon team members sharing common goals and working together to achieve them (Tarricone & Luca 2002). They also state that ineffective communication, lack of resources and lack of trust are the key attributes that hinder the effectiveness of a team. At Lynemouth, the workers were clear that the divide between manager and worker was as sharp as ever and that the enforcement of discipline was not part of the team’s duties. There appeared to be low trust between them, and also communication with regard to specific tasks seems to be lacking. It is also advisable to establish a sense of urgency so that the teams don’t get complacent (Twomey & Kleiner 1996). Ritchie & Martin (2001) states that money and tangible rewards, the physical conditions and the structure are the three key factors motivating people in a working environment. Although teamwork was favourable from a shop-floor point of view, middle managers and technical staff had reservations about teamwork, feeling undervalued and lacking determination. Macaulay & Cook (2001) states that rewards and recognition processes help to focus attention on priorities, thus motivating individuals. Group leaders felt that the work they were being given was not sufficiently demanding, and technical staff felt that that their job territory was under threat. There seems to be a need for rules and guidelines in the work place, for direction and certainty (Ritchie & Martin 2001). Thompson (2004) concludes that people could be motivated further and made more effective if they were given appropriate encouragement and attention. COMMUNICATION & CULTURE: According to Connolly (1996) communication is a critical issue and everyone wants better communication within their team, between teams and across their organization. Employee communication should play a strategic role in an organization to work effectively (Barrett 2002). In the early 1990’s there was a wide perception at Lynemouth that communication was poor, and the climate of employee relations could be characterized as suspicious and mistrustful. Barrett (2002) also emphasizes that without effective employee communication, change is impossible, and in 1997 with Lynemoth’s future in doubt, the management realized the importance of communication and set about to win employee consent by reforming the communication system. With regard to this, teamwork was introduced with the cooperation of the plant’s trade unions, which encouraged further development in employee relations. However, with the success of teamwork, white-collar staff felt undervalued. Peng & Litteljohn (2001) asserts that structural arrangements may facilitate communication on the one hand, and create barriers for communication on the other. Group leaders felt that their status and authority were being eroded, and technical staff felt that their job territory was under threat, and changes were made without consulting the people involved, and there was a feeling that the appraisal system was not adequate, as the management did not seem to listen. Connolly (1996) states that to enhance communication, both the employer and the employee should realize the importance of effective communication. The author concludes by saying that perhaps the most effective ways of improving communication are also the simplest – taking the time to really notice the employees, listening to how they speak and more importantly to what they say. The management could create a system where employees are rewarded for their good work, as Storey (1995) states that the way in which employees are rewarded is central to the regulation of employment relationship. Handy (1986) states that every organization is different, and each organization has a different culture – sets of values and norms and beliefs. In 1990, many workers had been with the plant since it opened, and labour turnover was low. Majority of the workers were male, with few women being employed in clerical posts. There is a close and sometimes unclear relationship between organisational culture and it’s climate (Wallace, J et al. 1999). Although the climate of employee relations could be characterised as suspicious and mistrustful at Lynemouth, work organisation was considered to be fairly conventional. Handy (1986) argues that if organizations are to survive and meaningful jobs are to be created for all those who want to work, then both organizations and individuals will have to change the way they perceive jobs and careers. He also states that fewer, better-motivated people could create much more added value than large groups of unthinking, demotivated individuals. Lynemouth, with the introduction of teamworking could be seen as incorporating these values. However, the management at Lynemouth should create meaningful jobs for all employees. The structure of Lynemouth’s employees could be characterized under senior managers, middle managers and workers. Handy (1986) argues that organizations are not owned by anyone, but are a community of people who could be called citizens of the community rather than employees. Ogbor (2001) asserts that organisational culture should discourage dysfunctional work behaviours, and commit members of the organization to do things for and with one another that are in the best interests of the organization. LEADERSHIP QUALITIES: The American general, Dwight Eisenhower, once said that the essence of leadership is to make people do what you want them to with as much will, determination and enthusiasm as if they had decided for themselves (Popper & Zakkai 1994). Cacioppe (1997) suggests that recent reviews of the research and theories on leadership have consolidated the key areas of leadership into personality, transactional and transformational forms of leadership. He also states that honesty, inspiration, competent, fair-mindedness and supportiveness are the characteristics that people most admire in leaders, where as Tait (1996) suggests that vision, interpersonal skills, character and drive are the four attributes considered to be necessary personality traits for business leadership. Transactional leadership is based on the interplay between the leader’s guidance or direction and socio-emotional support, and the readiness or developmental level that followers exhibit on a particular task, function, or objective (Avery and Ryan 2002). The third major approach is the Transformational leadership which communicates a vision that inspires and motivates people to achieve something extraordinary (Cacioppe 1997). Transactional leadership remains highly popular among practitioners and it could be applied at Lynemouth. It appeals to managers because of its intuitive simplicity, ease of use, and perceived relevance to managerial roles (Avery and Ryan 2002). In 2000, with the end of direct supervision, management appointed team leaders from existing team members, following a formal application procedure. Team leaders were made responsible for team briefing and the coordination and scheduling of work, and they did receive an additional weekly allowance of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½100. The management at Lynemouth could also try to incorporate the transformational leadership values by providing every individual and team with a vision and also motivating them, thus improving leadership effectiveness at the team levels (Cacioppe 1996). Silverthorne (2000) believes that the readiness and willingness of subordinates to perform tasks are the important aspects that contribute to a leader’s effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This assignment investigated the current HRM principles being used within the organisation. A few key points in improving the effectiveness of an organisation are effective teams, effective communication between the teams and good leadership skills. Lynemouth could improve the effectiveness of their organisation by motivating each individual, improving the communication between the employers and the management, and also by providing individual, team and organisational goals for the leaders to follow. REFERENCE: Armstrong, M 2000, ‘The name has changed but has the game remained the same?’, Journal of Employee Relations, vol. 22, no. 6, pp. 576-593. Arroba, T 1996, ‘Why are common objectives so uncommon in top management teams?’, Journal of Team Performance Management, vol. 2, no. 1, pp 17-21. Avery, G.C & Ryan, J 2002, ‘Applying situational leadership in Australia’, The Journal of Management Development, vol. 21, no. 4, pp 242-262. Barrett, D.J 2002, ‘Change communication: using strategic employee communication to facilitate major change’, Corporate Communications: An International Journal, vol. 7, no. 4, pp 219-234. Boxall, P & Purcell, J 2003, Strategy and Human Resource Management, Palgrave, New York. Cacioppe, R 1997, ‘Leadership moment by moment!’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol. 18, no. 7, pp 335-345. Connolly, C 1996, ‘Communication: getting to the heart of the matter’, Journal of Management Development Review, vol. 9, no. 7, pp 37-40. Handy, C.B 1976, Understanding Organisations, Penguin Group, London. Harris, P.R & Harris, K.G 1996, ‘Managing effectively through teams’, Journal of Team Performance Management, vol. 2, no. 3, pp 23-36. Kane, B et al. 1999, ‘Barriers to effective HRM’, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 20, no. 8, pp 494-516. Macaulay, S & Cook, S 2001, ‘Rewarding Service Success’, Journal of Team Performance Management, vol. 5, no. 1, pp 4-8. Ogbor, J.O 2001, ‘Critical theory and the hegemony of corporate culture’, Journal of Organizational Change Management, vol. 14, no. 6, pp 590-638. Peng, W & Litteljohn, D 2001, ‘Organisational communication and strategy implementation – a primary inquiry’, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 13, no. 7, pp 360-363. Popper, M & Zakkai, E 1994, ‘Transactional, Charismatic and Transformational Leadership: Conditions Conducive to their Predominance’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol. 15, no. 6, pp 3-7. Silverthorne, C 2000, ‘Situational leadership theory in Taiwan: a different culture perspective’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol. 21, no. 2, pp 68-74. Sisson, K 1994, Personnel Management – A comprehensive guide to Theory and Practice in Britain, 2nd edn, Blackwell, Oxford. Storey, J 1995, Human Resource Management – A critical text, Thomson, London. Storey, J 1995, ‘Is HRM catching on?’, International Journal of Manpower, vol. 16, no. 4, pp 3-10. Storey, J 1996, Blackwell cases in Human Resource and Change Management, Blackwell, Oxford. Tait, R 1996, ‘The attributes of leadership’, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, vol 17, no. 1, pp27-31. Tarricone, P & Luca, J 2002, ‘Employees, teamwork and social interdependence – a formula for successful business?’, Journal of Team Performance Management, vol. 8, no. 3, pp 54-59. Thompson, J. L 2004, ‘Innovation through people’, Journal of Management Decision, vol. 42, no. 9, pp 1082-1094. Thornhill, A & Saunders, M.N.K 1998, ‘What if line managers don’t realize they’re responsible for HR?’, Personnel Review Journal, vol. 12, no. 6, pp 460-476. Twomey, K & Kleiner, B.H 1996, ‘Teamwork: The essence of the successful organisation’, vol. 2, no. 1, pp 6-8. Vyakarnam, S et al. 1999, ‘Exploring the formation of entrepreneurial teams: the key to rapid growth business?’, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 6, no. 2, pp 153-165. Wallace, J 1999, ‘The relationship between organisational culture, organisational climate and managerial values’, International Journal of Public Sector Management, vol. 12, no. 7, pp 548-564.